Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i ngā rama mō ngā rama hākinakina o waho

Ina tae mai kirama papa tākaro o waho, he mea nui te whiriwhiri tika i ngā rama hei whakarite i te tirohanga pai, te haumaru me te mahi. Ahakoa kei te whakamārama koe i tētahi papa whutupaoro, i tētahi papa pēihipora, i tētahi whare takaro rānei, ka pā nui te kounga o te rama ki te wheako o ngā kaitākaro me ngā kaimātakitaki. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tirohia e tātou ngā āhuatanga matua hei whakaaroaro māu i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā rama o waho o te papa tākaro.

1. Kia mārama ki ngā whakaritenga rama

I mua i te urunga atu ki ngā taipitopito o te whiriwhiri i ngā kēmu, me mārama koe ki ngā whakaritenga rama mō tō hākinakina. He rerekē ngā hiahia rama mō ia hākinakina i runga i te taumata o te whakataetae, te rahi o te wāhi me te roa o te whakataetae. Hei tauira, ko te taumata rama teitei ake pea (e inehia ana i roto i ngā lumens ia mita tapawha) e hiahiatia ana e te papa whutupaoro ngaio i te papa pēiporo ā-rohe.

Ngā taumata papai matua mā te hākinakina:

- Whutupaoro: 500-1000 lux mō ngā kēmu amatira; 1500-2000 lux mō ngā kēmu ngaio.

- Pōro pēhipōro: 300-500 lux mō ngā kaitākaro tauhou; 1000-1500 lux mō ngā kaitākaro ngaio.

- Ngā hākinakina: 300-500 lux i te wā whakangungu; 1000-1500 lux i te wā whakataetae.

Mā te mārama ki ēnei whakaritenga ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau i te momo me te maha o ngā kēmu e hiahiatia ana mō tō papa tākaro.

2. Kōwhiria te momo rama tika

Ina tae ki ngā rama o waho o te papa tākaro, he maha ngā momo rama hei whakaaroaro:

a. Rama LED

Kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā rama LED i roto i ngā rama hākinakina o waho nā te mea he nui te whai huatanga o te pūngao, he roa te ora, ā, he iti hoki ngā utu tiaki. Ka whakarato i te mārama kanapa, ōrite, ā, ka taea te whakaiti, te whakarerekē rānei kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia rama motuhake. Hei tāpiri, kua neke whakamua te hangarau LED ki te wāhi e taea ai te whakaputa i te mārama kounga teitei e whakaiti ana i te kanapa, he mea nui tēnei mō ngā kaitākaro me ngā kaimātakitaki.

b. Rama halide whakarewa

Ko ngā rama halide whakarewa te mea tino pai mō ngā rama hākinakina. He tino pai te whakaputa tae, he nui hoki te lumen e puta mai ana, e pai ai mō te whakamahi i ngā wāhi whānui. Heoi, he nui ake te kaha e pau ana i ngā rama LED, ā, he poto ake te roa o te ora, ka nui ake pea ngā utu whakahaere i te roanga o te wā.

c. Rama konutai pēhanga teitei (HPS)

Ko ngā rama HPS tētahi atu kōwhiringa, e mōhiotia ana mō tō rātou whai huatanga me te roa o te ora. Heoi, ko te mārama kōwhai e tukuna ana e rātou, kāore pea e pai mō ngā hākinakina katoa, inā koa ko ērā e hiahia ana kia tika te whakaatu tae.

3. Whakaarohia te koki o te hihi

Ko te koki hihi o te rama tētahi atu mea nui mō te whakamārama i ngā papa tākaro o waho. Ka taea e te koki hihi whaiti te arotahi i te mārama ki tētahi wāhi motuhake, engari ka taea e te koki hihi whānui te whakamārama i tētahi wāhi nui ake. Mō ngā papa tākaro, me whakakotahi pea ēnei e rua kia pai ai te mārama o ngā wāhi katoa, me te kore e hanga i ngā ira pōuri.

Ngā tohutohu mō te whiriwhiri koki hihi:

- Koki Kurupae Whaiti: He pai mō ngā rama pou teitei ina hiahiatia he rama arotahi.

- Whānui te koki hihi: He pai mō te whakamārama i te rohe whānui hei kapi i tētahi wāhi nui ake.

4. Aromatawai i te pāmahana tae

Ka inehia te pāmahana tae i roto i te Kelvin (K) ā, ka pā ki te āhua o te māramatanga i roto i te taiao. Mō ngā rama o ngā papa tākaro hākinakina o waho, e taunakihia ana kia noho te pāmahana tae i waenga i te 4000K me te 6000K. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei awhe he mārama mā kanapa e whakarei ake ana i te tirohanga me te whakaiti i te ngenge o ngā kanohi mō ngā kaitākaro me ngā kaimātakitaki.

Ngā painga o te pāmahana tae teitei ake:

- Te tirohanga pai ake me te māramatanga.

- Kua whakapai ake te whakaaturanga tae mō te mahi pai ake.

- Ka whakaiti i te kanapa, he mea nui tēnei mō te reihi pō.

5. Arotakehia te pakari me te ātete ki te huarere

Me tu atu ngā rama o waho i ngā āhuatanga huarere rerekē, tae atu ki te ua, te hukarere me ngā pāmahana tino kino. Nō reira, he mea nui kia whiriwhiria ngā rama e pakari ana, e ātete ana hoki ki te huarere. Rapua ngā rama he teitei te tohu tiaki urunga (IP), e tohu ana i tō rātou kaha ki te ātete i te puehu me te makuku.

Taumata IP e Manakohia ana:

- IP65: ātete ki te puehu, ā, he ātete hoki ki te wai.

- IP67: Ātete ki te puehu, ā, ka taea te rumaki ki te wai.

6. Te whai huatanga o te pūngao me te pumau

I te pikinga ake o ngā utu pūngao, me te kaha haere o ngā āwangawanga taiao, kua noho ko te whai huatanga o te pūngao hei mea nui i roto i te whiriwhiri i ngā rama mō ngā papa tākaro hākinakina o waho. Ko ngā rama LED te kōwhiringa tino whai huatanga o te pūngao, e 75% te iti iho o te pūngao e whakamahia ana i ngā otinga rama tuku iho. Hei tāpiri, whakaarohia ngā rama e hototahi ana ki ngā mana whakahaere rama atamai, e āhei ai te whakaiti aunoa me te whakarite wā ki te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao.

7. Te tāutanga me te tiaki

Hei whakamutunga, whakaarohia ngā āhuatanga tāutanga me te tiaki o te pūnaha rama e whiriwhiria ana e koe. Tērā pea ētahi rama e hiahiatia ana he tāutanga motuhake, ko ētahi he ngāwari te tāuta. Whakaarohia hoki ngā hiahia tiaki mō te wā roa, tae atu ki te whakakapinga me te horoi i ngā pūangi. Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā rama LED ka iti ake te auau o te tiaki nā te mea ka roa ake te ora.

Hei whakamutunga

Te whiriwhiri i te tikangā rama mō ngā papa tākaro hākinakina o wahome āta whakaaroaro ki ngā āhuatanga maha, tae atu ki ngā whakaritenga rama, te momo rama, te koki hihi, te pāmahana tae, te pakari, te whai huatanga o te pūngao me te tiaki. Mā te whai wā ki te aromatawai i ēnei āhuatanga, ka taea e koe te waihanga i tētahi taiao mārama e whakarei ake ana i te wheako mō ngā kaitākaro me ngā kaimātakitaki, me te whakarite kia takarohia ia kēmu i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino pai. Ahakoa kei te whakapai ake koe i tētahi whare o nāianei, kei te hoahoa rānei i tētahi mea hou, mā te otinga rama tika ka rerekē te katoa.